Perception of complex tones and its analogy to echo spectral analysis in the bat, Megaderma lyra.

The gleaning bat Megaderma lyra emits broadband echolocation sounds consisting of multiple frequency components. The present study investigates into which perceptual qualities the spectral characteristics of echoes may be translated in the auditory system of M. lyra. Three bats were trained in a 2-AFC behavioral experiment to classify nine complex tones, which spectrally resembled M. lyra's sonar calls, into two perceptual categories. Then the bats' spontaneous responses to unknown complex tones were recorded. The results show that the animals based their classifications of the complex tones on a sound quality which was mediated by their broadband frequency spectra. The bats used the training stimuli as spectral templates and classified the test stimuli according to their broadband spectral similarity with the learned patterns. Assuming that passive hearing and echo processing are governed by similar perceptual qualities and subject to similar limitations, the perceptual mode which was used by the bats to compare the multicomponent spectral patterns in the reported experiments could serve as a powerful tool for the spectral analysis of M. lyra's multicomponent echoes. The analogy between the perception of complex tones and echo spectral analysis in M. lyra is theoretically elaborated in the "formant-mode" model.