Estill C F, Kroemer K H
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Hum Factors. 1998 Dec;40(4):624-32. doi: 10.1518/001872098779649300.
The supermarket industry has one of the highest numbers of repeated trauma illnesses. Checkout departments have a rate of musculoskeletal injuries 2 to 3 times higher than that of other supermarket departments. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the wrist motions required to bag groceries using a wrist motion monitor. The wrist motions included deviations, velocities, and accelerations for flexion-extension, radial-ulnar, and pronation-supination directions. The independent variables were handle type and object location. Objects with finger-thumb couplings required more extreme pronations, greater wrist velocities for pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist accelerations for pronation-supination deviations than did other objects. Objects with 10-cm hand couplings required more extreme flexion, larger ranges of movement for radial-ulnar deviations and pronation-supination deviations, and greater wrist velocities in the radial-ulnar and pronation-supination directions than did 5-cm objects. The right and front locations required more extreme deviations than did the left and back locations. Because finger-thumb and 10-cm hand couplings require larger wrist deviations and greater velocities, these objects may pose a greater risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders to the bagger. Potential applications of this research include engineering design of grocery packaging and supermarket bagging workstations.
超市行业是重复创伤疾病发生率最高的行业之一。收银部门的肌肉骨骼损伤发生率比超市其他部门高出2至3倍。本研究的主要目的是使用手腕运动监测器量化装袋食品杂货所需的手腕动作。手腕动作包括屈伸、桡尺偏斜和旋前 - 旋后方向的偏差、速度和加速度。自变量是手柄类型和物品位置。与其他物品相比，需要手指 - 拇指抓握的物品需要更极端的旋前动作、更大的旋前 - 旋后偏差手腕速度以及更大的旋前 - 旋后偏差手腕加速度。与5厘米的物品相比，10厘米手柄的物品需要更极端的屈曲、更大的桡尺偏斜和旋前 - 旋后偏差运动范围以及在桡尺和旋前 - 旋后方向上更大的手腕速度。右侧和前方位置比左侧和后方位置需要更极端的偏差。由于手指 - 拇指抓握和10厘米手柄抓握需要更大的手腕偏差和速度，这些物品可能给装袋人员带来更高的累积创伤性疾病风险。本研究的潜在应用包括食品杂货包装的工程设计和超市装袋工作站。
