Jezek Z, Szczeniowski M Y, Muyembe-Tamfum J J, McCormick J B, Heymann D L
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S60-4. doi: 10.1086/514295.
Surveillance for Ebola hemorrhagic fever was conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1981 to 1985 to estimate the incidence of human infection. Persons who met the criteria of one of three different case definitions were clinically evaluated, and blood was obtained for antibody confirmation by IFA. Contacts of each case and 4 age- and sex-matched controls were also clinically examined and tested for immunofluorescent antibody. Twenty-one cases of Ebola infection (persons with an antibody titer of > or = 1:64, or lower if they fit the clinical case definition) were identified, with a maximum 1-year incidence of 9 and a case fatality rate of 43%. Cases occurred throughout the year, but most (48%) occurred early in the rainy season. Fifteen percent of contacts had antibody titers > or =1:64 to Ebola virus, compared with 1% of controls (P < .0001). Results suggest that Ebola virus periodically emerges from nature to infect humans, that person-to-person transmission is relatively limited, and that amplification to large epidemics is unusual.
1981年至1985年期间，在刚果民主共和国开展了埃博拉出血热监测，以估算人类感染的发病率。符合三种不同病例定义之一标准的人员接受了临床评估，并采集血液通过间接荧光抗体法进行抗体确认。对每个病例的接触者以及4名年龄和性别匹配的对照也进行了临床检查和免疫荧光抗体检测。共确定了21例埃博拉感染病例（抗体滴度≥1:64的人员，若符合临床病例定义则滴度较低者），最高年发病率为9例，病死率为43%。病例全年均有发生，但大多数（48%）发生在雨季早期。15%的接触者对埃博拉病毒的抗体滴度≥1:64，而对照中这一比例为1%（P<0.0001）。结果表明，埃博拉病毒会定期从自然界出现感染人类，人际传播相对有限，演变为大规模流行的情况并不常见。
