Kinzel G L, Van Sickle D C, Hillberry B M, Hall A S
Am J Vet Res. 1976 Dec;37(12):1505-10.
An instrumented spatial linkage was used to measure the total motion in a canine shoulder as the dog was engaged in a variety of activities, including walking on a level carousel track, as well as over a hurdle, up and down a step, and up and down a ramp placed on the same track. For each activity, the motion data were analyzed, using 2 procedures. First, the linkage data and the joint contour data were combined by computer, and the motion was represented by a series of sequential computer drawings showing the scapular and humeral articular surfaces in their proper relative positions for selected increments of time during the various activities described. As an alternate but approximate method for describing the relative humeral-scapular motion, rotations about 3 mutually perpendicular axes through the average center of the shoulder joint were determined.
使用一种装有仪器的空间连杆机构来测量犬类肩部在各种活动中的总运动，这些活动包括在水平旋转木马轨道上行走、越过障碍物、上下台阶以及在同一轨道上的斜坡上上下行走。对于每项活动，使用两种方法分析运动数据。首先，通过计算机将连杆机构数据和关节轮廓数据相结合，并通过一系列连续的计算机绘图来表示运动，这些绘图展示了在上述各种活动中选定时间增量下肩胛骨和肱骨关节面的正确相对位置。作为描述肱骨与肩胛骨相对运动的另一种近似方法，确定了通过肩关节平均中心的三个相互垂直轴的旋转。
