Schneider H
Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr (1970). 1976 Oct 28;222(2-3):267-79. doi: 10.1007/BF02206622.
In a series of 103 psychotic patients with evidence of drug abuse, the following facts came to light. 1. A definitive diagnosis was made in 94%. In 6% of these cases the diagnosis remained unclear even after having been admitted for a second time. 2. Seventy-four percent (72 of 97) of the patients, who abused various drugs, usually in combination had organic psychoses, and 26% (25 of 97) were diagnosed as schizophrenics. 3. Of 36 patients, who suffered psychotic episodes due to the abuse of cannabis, or LSD, or heroin, 21 (= 58%) were schizophrenics. 4. In those cases showing organic psychoses, thought insertion, thought withdrawal, and thought broadcasting were not found. However all other first- (and second-) rank symptoms (Kurt Schneider) of schizophrenia were found. Perhaps this might be of help as a differential criterion. 5. The fact of drug abuse at the outset of a schizophrenia is dependent on the schizophrenic symptomatology. The use of and attitude to the drug as well as the experiencing of the drug's effects changes in the further course of the psychosis. This last point might also be of value in the differential diagnosis.
在一组103名有药物滥用证据的精神病患者中，发现了以下情况。1. 94%的患者得到了明确诊断。在这些病例中，6%的患者即使在第二次入院后诊断仍不明确。2. 在滥用各种药物（通常为联合用药）的患者中，74%（97例中的72例）患有器质性精神病，26%（97例中的25例）被诊断为精神分裂症患者。3. 在因滥用大麻、麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）或海洛因而出现精神病发作的36例患者中，21例（=58%）为精神分裂症患者。4. 在那些表现为器质性精神病的病例中，未发现思维插入、思维被夺和思维播散。然而，发现了精神分裂症的所有其他一级（和二级）症状（库尔特·施奈德提出）。这或许可作为一项鉴别标准。5. 精神分裂症发病初期的药物滥用情况取决于精神分裂症的症状表现。在精神病的进一步发展过程中，对药物的使用、态度以及对药物效果的体验都会发生变化。最后这一点在鉴别诊断中可能也有价值。
