Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Aug;118(2):219-28. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1978.118.2.219.
Four short-course antituberculosis regimens allocated at random were studied; (1) streptomycin, isoniazid, and rifampin given daily for 6 months; (2) these 3 drugs plus pyrazinamide given daily for 2 months, followed by twice-weekly administration of streptomycin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide; (3) a regimen that differed from regimen 2 only in that ethambutol replaced pyrazinamide, and (4) streptomycin plus isoniazid plus rifampin plus pyrazinamide given 3 times per week for 4 months, followed by streptomycin plus isoniazid plus pyrazinamide administered twice per week. The last 3 regimens were given for 6 or 8 months at random. All except 1 of 680 patients with tubercle bacilli drug-susceptible before treatment had a favorable bacteriologic response during chemotherapy. The relapse rates during the first 6 months after chemotherapy were low, except in the ethambutol series, in which 19 per cent of the patients relapsed after 6 months of treatment, and 8 per cent relapsed after 8 months. A substantial proportion of the patients with strains initially resistant to either isoniazid or streptomycin had a favorable response to their allocated regimen, but the results were not as good for those patients with strains resistant to both drugs. An important finding is that the incidences of immunologic febrile reactions to rifampin and of rifampin-dependent antibodies were very low during the 3-times-weekly regimen.
对随机分配的四种短程抗结核治疗方案进行了研究；（1）链霉素、异烟肼和利福平每日给药，疗程6个月；（2）这三种药物加吡嗪酰胺每日给药，疗程2个月，随后链霉素、异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺每周给药两次；（3）一种与方案2不同的方案，只是用乙胺丁醇替代了吡嗪酰胺；（4）链霉素加异烟肼加利福平加吡嗪酰胺每周给药3次，疗程4个月，随后链霉素加异烟肼加吡嗪酰胺每周给药两次。最后三种方案随机给予6或8个月的治疗。在680例治疗前结核杆菌药敏试验敏感的患者中，除1例之外，所有患者在化疗期间均有良好的细菌学反应。化疗后头6个月的复发率较低，但乙胺丁醇组除外，该组19%的患者在治疗6个月后复发，8%的患者在治疗8个月后复发。相当一部分初始对异烟肼或链霉素耐药菌株的患者对其分配的治疗方案有良好反应，但对两种药物均耐药菌株的患者效果则欠佳。一项重要发现是，在每周给药3次的治疗方案期间，对利福平的免疫发热反应和利福平依赖性抗体的发生率非常低。
