Dennis K E, Pane K W, Adams B K, Qi B B
US Naval Reserve, VA Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA.
Obes Res. 1999 Jan;7(1):60-7. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00391.x.
The specific aim was to determine whether a multifaceted approach to weight loss and physical readiness could be implemented onboard a deployed combatant ship of the U.S. Navy.
Thirty-nine men (31+/-6 years old, mean+/-standard deviation) assigned to the USS ENTERPRISE (CVN 65) during a 6-month Mediterranean deployment who had failed their previous Physical Readiness Test due to excessive body weight (108+/-11 kg overweight) were randomly assigned to nutrition, cognitive-behavioral obesity treatment plus exercise or to the Navy's usual treatment (control), which is exercise alone.
Outcomes for the treatment group were significantly better than the controls, with 8.6+/-5.0 vs. 5.0+/-4.1 kg weight loss, 8% vs. 5% reduction in original body weight, and body fat loss of 7% vs. 5%. Triglycerides declined significantly greater in the treatment group than the controls (145 mg/dL to 109 mg/dL vs. 146 mg/dL to 145 mg/dL, p<0.05), whereas depression and eating behaviors significantly improved among treated men. Problematic environmental factors were the limited variety of heart healthy foods in the galley, short meal breaks, and long mess hall lines that led to eating snacks from vending machines and frequent port calls.
Although greater weight loss than would be expected of a Navy usual care group diluted the treatment effect, the treated men still fared significantly better. The physical readiness implication of this research has the potential to impact Navy health promotion programs and policy, the health and well-being of its personnel, and the Navy's ability to meet mission requirements.
具体目标是确定能否在美国海军一艘部署的战舰上实施多方面的减肥及身体准备计划。
三十九名男性（年龄31±6岁，均值±标准差）在“企业”号航空母舰（CVN 65）为期6个月的地中海部署期间被分配到该舰，他们因体重超标（超重108±11千克）而未能通过之前的体能准备测试，被随机分为营养、认知行为肥胖治疗加运动组或海军常规治疗（对照组），对照组仅进行运动。
治疗组的结果显著优于对照组，体重减轻分别为8.6±5.0千克和5.0±4.1千克，原始体重减少分别为8%和5%，体脂减少分别为7%和5%。治疗组甘油三酯下降幅度显著大于对照组（从145毫克/分升降至109毫克/分升，而对照组从146毫克/分升降至145毫克/分升，p<0.05），同时接受治疗的男性的抑郁和饮食行为有显著改善。存在问题的环境因素包括舰上厨房有益心脏健康食物种类有限、用餐休息时间短、食堂排队时间长，这些导致人们从自动售货机购买零食以及频繁靠港。
尽管比海军常规护理组预期的更大幅度的体重减轻稀释了治疗效果，但接受治疗的男性情况仍明显更好。这项研究对体能准备的意义有可能影响海军健康促进计划和政策、海军人员的健康与福祉以及海军满足任务要求的能力。
