Zellner K, Jaeger U, Kromeyer-Hauschild K
Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena.
Anthropol Anz. 1998 Dec;56(4):301-12.
Head measurements are performed within the anthropological investigations of school children from Jena (Germany) since more than 5 decades (1944-1995). Here we report on secular changes of the head length, the head breadth and the cephalic index. The head circumference, measured in 1985 and in 1995, is included in the analysis. Head length and head breadth show a contrary development over the whole period: the average length of the head increases between the consecutive investigations, whereas the breadth of the head decreases continuously between the separate investigations. As a consequence the cephalic index decreases in boys and girls for about 8 units since 1944. In this way a secular change of the shape of the head in the sense of debrachycephalisation can be proved in Jena school children. The head circumference, however, remains nearly constant between 1985 and 1995. Possible causes of this process of debrachycephalisation are focussed in this article.
五十多年来（1944年至1995年），在对来自德国耶拿的学童进行的人类学调查中一直进行头部测量。在此，我们报告头长、头宽和头指数的长期变化情况。对头围的分析纳入了1985年和1995年测量的数据。在整个时期内，头长和头宽呈现出相反的发展趋势：在连续的调查中，头的平均长度增加，而在单独的调查之间，头宽持续减小。因此，自1944年以来，男孩和女孩的头指数下降了约8个单位。由此可以证明，耶拿学童的头部形状在朝着长头化的方向发生长期变化。然而，头围在1985年至1995年间几乎保持不变。本文重点探讨了这种长头化过程的可能原因。
