Osborne C A, Lulich J P, Polzin D J, Sanderson S L, Koehler L A, Ulrich L K, Bird K A, Swanson L L, Pederson L A, Sudo S Z
Minnesota Urolith Center, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1999 Jan;29(1):17-38, ix-x. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50002-8.
Of the hundreds of minerals that are found in the earth, most canine uroliths are comprised of only six types: (1) magnesium ammonium phosphate, (2) calcium oxalate, (3) calcium phosphates, (4) ammonium urate and other salts or uric acid, (5) cystine, or (6) silica. Each type has characteristics that allow its identification. During the past two decades, the prevalence of calcium oxalate canine uroliths has dramatically increased, while struvite has decreased. The most effective treatment and prevention protocols are based on knowledge of the primary mineral type comprising the urolith.
在地球上发现的数百种矿物质中，大多数犬类尿石仅由六种类型组成：(1)磷酸镁铵，(2)草酸钙，(3)磷酸钙，(4)尿酸铵及其他盐类或尿酸，(5)胱氨酸，或(6)二氧化硅。每种类型都有可用于识别的特征。在过去二十年中，草酸钙犬类尿石的患病率急剧上升，而鸟粪石则有所下降。最有效的治疗和预防方案基于对构成尿石的主要矿物质类型的了解。
