Osborne C A, Lulich J P, Polzin D J
Minnesota Urolith Center, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1999 Jan;29(1):267-81, xiv. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50015-6.
Uroliths are commonly voided into the urethra where they often lodge adjacent to the os penis in male dogs. Urethral patency can, with few exceptions, be restored by flushing uroliths back into the bladder lumen by retrograde urohydropropulsion. To be consistently successful, one must be familiar with the concepts of the procedure and each step of the technique.
