Sandvik T
Department of Virology and Serodiagnostics, National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Vet Microbiol. 1999 Jan;64(2-3):123-34. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00264-8.
There are no pathognomonic clinical signs of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in cattle. Diagnostic investigations therefore rely on laboratory-based detection of the virus, or of virus-induced antigens or antibodies in submitted samples. In unvaccinated dairy herds, serological testing of bulk milk is a convenient method for BVDV prevalence screening. Alternatively, serological testing of young stock may indicate if BVDV is present in a herd. In BVDV positive herds, animals persistently infected (PI) with BVDV can be identified by combined use of serological and virological tests for examination of blood samples. ELISAs have been used for rapid detection of both BVDV antibodies and antigens in blood, but should preferably be backed up by other methods such as virus neutralization, virus isolation in cell cultures or amplification of viral nucleic acid. Detailed knowledge of the performance of the diagnostic tests in use, as well as of the epidemiology of bovine virus diarrhoea is essential for identification of viremic animals in affected herds.
牛感染牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）没有特征性的临床症状。因此，诊断调查依赖于在实验室对提交样本中的病毒、病毒诱导的抗原或抗体进行检测。在未接种疫苗的奶牛群中，对原料奶进行血清学检测是筛查BVDV流行情况的便捷方法。另外，对幼畜进行血清学检测可以表明牛群中是否存在BVDV。在BVDV呈阳性的牛群中，可以通过联合使用血清学和病毒学检测方法对血液样本进行检测，来识别持续感染BVDV的动物（PI）。酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）已用于快速检测血液中的BVDV抗体和抗原，但最好用其他方法进行佐证，如病毒中和试验、在细胞培养物中进行病毒分离或扩增病毒核酸。深入了解所用诊断检测方法的性能以及牛病毒性腹泻的流行病学，对于识别受感染牛群中的病毒血症动物至关重要。
