[Computer-aided diagnosis in the detection of temporal changes in sequential chest radiographs].

To aid radiologists in the diagnosis of screening chest radiographs, a temporal subtraction technique using digital image processing was developed. The accurate image registration of two sequential images enables us to detect even subtle changes in the "difference image" between them. In this report, a new method based on matching "lung markings" is introduced. Twenty-nine pairs of sequential posteroanterior chest radiographs with and without temporal changes were selected from cases examined with the computed radiography system. Image registration was employed, with the local matching of "lung markings" in previous and current radiographs. Observer performance tests were carried out by eight radiologists, with and without the "difference image." Observer performance tests with the temporal subtraction image showed that six of eight observers diagnosed them with higher sensitivity (mean, 43.9% vs. 55.3%) and a comparable false positive response. Mean area under the AFROC (alternative free-response receiver operating characteristics) curve also improved from 0.596 to 0.647, a statistically significant difference. The subtraction image using this registration technique improved diagnostic accuracy for subtle temporal changes.