The case for treatment of dyspeptic patients infected with H. pylori.

H. pylori is probably the commonest bacterial infection worldwide and associated with a number of clinical outcomes including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric MALT lymphoma and possibly dyspepsia. Treatment to eradicate H. pylori infection has changed significantly the natural history of peptic ulcer disease and is now the recommended approach to patients with non-NSAID gastric and duodenal ulcers. Controversies remain as to whether H. pylori infection is a cause of dyspepsia and non-ulcer dyspepsia. However, results from several economic models evaluating a "test and treat" strategy have suggested that eradication of H. pylori infection as an initial choice is the most cost-effective approach and has a long-term benefit in a significant proportion of patients with dyspepsia. The conclusion of H. pylori as a group 1 human carcinogen by the IARC and the subsequent analyses have added further to the recommendation for eradication of the infection.