Wahl O
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1976 Dec;l63(6):401-7. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197612000-00003.
This study sought to utilize dichotic shadowing tasks in the investigation of differences between schizophrenics and controls and, secondarily, between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. Sixteen subjects from each of four diagnostic groups--paranoid schizophrenics, nonparanoid schizophrenics, psychiatric controls, and normal controls--were tested in dichotic shadowing under one of two instructional conditions ("ignore the left ear" or "listen to both ears"). Schizophrenics made more errors with distraction, showed poorer ?recall of target material than did controls, and were abnormally insensitive to task instructions. This was interpreted as supporting previous reports that schizophrenics are lacking in selective attentional ability, deficient in retrieval of information, and inefficient in the sense of being unable to adapt to task instructions. In addition, recall and recognition results indicated that distraction affected paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics somewhat differently, resulting in overinclusion for paranoids but general response disruption or overexclusion for nonparanoids.
本研究试图利用双耳分听遮蔽任务来调查精神分裂症患者与对照组之间的差异，其次是偏执型与非偏执型精神分裂症患者之间的差异。四个诊断组（偏执型精神分裂症患者、非偏执型精神分裂症患者、精神科对照者和正常对照者）中的每组16名受试者，在两种指导条件之一（“忽略左耳”或“双耳聆听”）下接受双耳分听测试。与对照组相比，精神分裂症患者在分心时犯错更多，对目标材料的回忆较差，并且对任务指导异常不敏感。这被解释为支持先前的报告，即精神分裂症患者缺乏选择性注意力、信息检索能力不足，并且在无法适应任务指导的意义上效率低下。此外，回忆和识别结果表明，分心对偏执型和非偏执型精神分裂症患者的影响略有不同，导致偏执型患者出现过度包含，但非偏执型患者出现一般反应中断或过度排除。
