Christensen J M, Weinberg B
J Speech Hear Res. 1976 Dec;19(4):678-89. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1904.678.
The duration of a large number of representative vowels produced by 10 esophageal and nine normal speakers were measured. Overall vowel durations of esophageal speakers were consistently longer than those of normal speakers, indicating that esophageal speakers do not compensate for their striking diminution in air supply for speech by decreasing vowel duration. The differences in the vowel duration characteristics between normal and esophageal speakers were observed to vary systematically as a function of the voicing features of their consonant environments. Specifically, the durations of vowels of esophageal speakers spoken within voiceless consonant environments were consistently longer than those spoken in similar contexts by normal speakers. There were no significant differences between the average durations of vowels spoken by normal and exophageal speakers within voiced consonant speakers differed significantly as a function of the voicing features of their consonant context was interpreted to support the belief that inherent, rule-governed durational features of English are retained following laryngeal amputation.
测量了10名食管发音者和9名正常发音者发出的大量代表性元音的时长。食管发音者的总体元音时长始终比正常发音者的长，这表明食管发音者不会通过缩短元音时长来弥补其明显减少的语音供气。观察到正常发音者和食管发音者之间元音时长特征的差异会随着其辅音环境的浊音特征而系统地变化。具体而言，在清辅音环境中说出的食管发音者的元音时长始终比正常发音者在类似语境中说出的元音时长更长。在浊辅音环境中，正常发音者和食管发音者说出的元音平均时长之间没有显著差异。食管发音者的元音时长因辅音语境的浊音特征而存在显著差异，这被解释为支持以下观点：喉切除后，英语固有的、受规则支配的时长特征得以保留。
