Dowton M, Austin A D
Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1998 Dec;10(3):354-66. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1998.0533.
Relationships among the microgastroid complex of braconid wasps were investigated using sequence data from the 16S mitochondrial rDNA and 28S (D2 expansion region) nuclear rDNA genes, as well as morphological data. Parsimony analysis of these gene fragments, both separately and combined, indicated that Neoneurus (Neoneurinae) and Ichneutes (Ichneutinae) were no more closely related to the microgastroids than were a range of helconoid taxa. Combined parsimony analysis of the microgastroids indicated the relationships ((Cardiochilinae + Microgastrinae) + Miracinae) + Cheloninae, with Adeliinae falling inside the Cheloninae. Bootstrap proportions for each of these nodes were greater than 70%. Character reweighting (sensu Farris), using the rescaled consistency index, also recovered these relationships. Mapping of lifestyle traits onto this relatively well supported phylogeny indicated that solitary endoparasitism is ancestral for the microgastroids, with a single origin for egg-larval endoparasitism in the Cheloninae + Adeliinae. Mapping of the radiation of the microgastroids into lepidopteran hosts was less clear, due to the specialized biology of the most basal microgastroid clade, the Cheloninae + Adeliinae. Our data are consistent with attack of concealed lepidopteran hosts as the plesiomorphic lifestyle, at least for the Miracinae + Cardiochilinae + Microgastrinae, with radiation into more exposed hosts in the Cardiochilinae + Microgastrinae.
利用线粒体16S rDNA和核28S（D2扩展区）rDNA基因的序列数据以及形态学数据，对茧蜂科微腹茧蜂类群之间的关系进行了研究。对这些基因片段分别及合并进行简约分析表明，新脉茧蜂属（新脉茧蜂亚科）和艾氏茧蜂属（艾氏茧蜂亚科）与微腹茧蜂类群的关系并不比一系列长腹茧蜂类群更密切。对微腹茧蜂类群进行合并简约分析显示出如下关系：（心唇茧蜂亚科+小腹茧蜂亚科）+微茧蜂亚科）+螯茧蜂亚科，其中阿氏茧蜂亚科位于螯茧蜂亚科内部。这些节点的自展支持率均大于70%。使用重新标度一致性指数的特征加权（法里斯意义上的）也得出了这些关系。将生活方式特征映射到这个得到较好支持的系统发育树上表明，孤雌内寄生是微腹茧蜂类群的祖先状态，而卵-幼虫内寄生在螯茧蜂亚科+阿氏茧蜂亚科中有单一的起源。由于最基部的微腹茧蜂类群螯茧蜂亚科+阿氏茧蜂亚科具有特殊的生物学特性，微腹茧蜂类群向鳞翅目寄主的辐射情况不太明确。我们的数据与至少对于微茧蜂亚科+心唇茧蜂亚科+小腹茧蜂亚科而言，攻击隐蔽的鳞翅目寄主是近裔共性生活方式，以及在小腹茧蜂亚科+心唇茧蜂亚科中向更暴露的寄主辐射的情况一致。
