Tiittanen P, Timonen K L, Ruuskanen J, Mirme A, Pekkanen J
Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
Eur Respir J. 1999 Feb;13(2):266-73. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13b08.x.
The short-term association of particulate air pollution with peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and respiratory symptoms was examined. Forty-nine children with chronic respiratory symptoms aged 8-13 yrs were followed daily for six weeks in spring, 1995, in Kuopio, Finland. Daily concentrations of particulate material with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm and < or = 2.5 microm (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively), black carbon, and the number concentrations of particles from 0.01-10 microm diameter were measured. During the study period, PM10 were mainly resuspended soil and street dust, and the concentration was estimated using aluminum content of PM10 samples. No consistent effect of particles was found as the associations varied by lag. Of the lags examined, only 1-day lagged PM2.5 was statistically significantly associated with morning PEF (beta=-1.06, SE=0.52 (per interquartile increase in pollutant)). Evening PEF was significantly associated with the 1-day lagged number of particles in the size range 0.1-1.0 microm (beta=-1.56, SE=0.72). One-day lagged PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5 and resuspended PM10, and 4-day average of PM2.5 were significantly associated with increased risk of cough. Given the short duration of the study, separating the effects of different types of particles was difficult. The present study demonstrates the highly variable size and number distribution and chemical composition of particles in Finland, and underlines the importance of measuring the size and chemical composition of particles to determine which types of particles are associated with health effects.
对颗粒物空气污染与呼气峰值流速（PEF）及呼吸道症状之间的短期关联进行了研究。1995年春季，在芬兰库奥皮奥，对49名年龄在8至13岁、患有慢性呼吸道症状的儿童进行了为期六周的每日随访。测量了空气动力学直径小于或等于10微米及小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物（分别为PM10和PM2.5）、黑碳的日浓度，以及直径在0.01至10微米之间的颗粒物数量浓度。在研究期间，PM10主要是再悬浮的土壤和街道灰尘，其浓度通过PM10样本中的铝含量估算得出。未发现颗粒物有一致的影响，因为关联随滞后时间而变化。在所研究的滞后时间中，只有滞后1天的PM2.5与早晨PEF有统计学显著关联（β=-1.06，标准误=0.52（污染物每增加一个四分位数间距））。傍晚PEF与滞后1天的直径在0.1至1.0微米范围内的颗粒物数量显著相关（β=-1.56，标准误=0.72）。滞后1天的PM10、PM2.5 - 10、PM2.5和再悬浮的PM10，以及PM2.5的4天平均值与咳嗽风险增加显著相关。鉴于研究持续时间较短，区分不同类型颗粒物的影响较为困难。本研究表明了芬兰颗粒物的大小、数量分布和化学成分高度可变，并强调了测量颗粒物大小和化学成分以确定哪些类型的颗粒物与健康影响相关的重要性。
