Bowers L, Jarrett M, Clark N
St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University, London, UK.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 1998 Oct;5(5):343-53. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2850.1998.00149.x.
Incidents of absconding from inpatient care are high-risk events which have been linked to serious harm to self and others. This paper brings together for the first time findings from a disparate body of research literature spanning many years. Varied definitions of absconding and methods of calculating the rates of absconding make comparisons between studies difficult. Nevertheless, it is clear that absconders are more often young, male, from disadvantaged groups, and suffering from schizophrenia, compared to admissions generally. Roughly half of the abscondings take place while the patient is temporarily off the ward with permission, the remainder of absconding patients use an assortment of means to make their escape. A large variety of reasons for absconding have been elicited from patients or advanced as possibilities by researchers. Only six evaluative studies of interventions impacting upon absconding have been reported in the literature, but no firm conclusions can be drawn from them.
住院期间擅自离开是高风险事件，与对自身及他人的严重伤害有关。本文首次汇总了多年来不同研究文献的结果。擅自离开的定义各异，计算擅自离开率的方法也不同，这使得各研究之间难以进行比较。然而，很明显，与一般住院患者相比，擅自离开者往往更年轻、为男性、来自弱势群体且患有精神分裂症。大约一半的擅自离开事件发生在患者经允许暂时离开病房期间，其余擅自离开的患者则采用各种方式逃脱。患者给出了各种各样擅自离开的原因，研究人员也提出了各种可能的原因。文献中仅报道了六项关于影响擅自离开的干预措施的评估研究，但从中无法得出确凿结论。
