World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1998;881:I-VI, 1-114.
Current estimates indicate that 60 million people are at risk of infection with human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness, with about 300,000 new cases each year. However, less than 4 million people are under surveillance and only 10% of new cases are diagnosed and treated. This report of a WHO Expert Committee reviews current epidemiological information on African trypanosomiasis and its vectors, and evaluates recent advances in drug treatment and the development of tools for the control and surveillance of the disease. The report provides examples of treatment schedules, vector control operations, indicators for monitoring control and surveillance activities and sample calculations for analysing the cost-effectiveness of different strategies, as well as details of methods for cryopreservation of trypanosome-infected blood samples and a description of traps and screens for the control of the insect vector, Glossina. Although primarily addressed to health policy-makers in countries endemic for sleeping sickness, this report will also be a useful reference source for health care staff at all levels, including physicians, nurses, auxiliary staff and students, as well as those engaged in research on the disease.
目前的估计表明，6000万人有感染人类非洲锥虫病（即昏睡病）的风险，每年约有30万新病例。然而，接受监测的人数不到400万，新病例中只有10%得到诊断和治疗。世卫组织专家委员会的这份报告审查了关于非洲锥虫病及其病媒的当前流行病学信息，并评估了药物治疗的最新进展以及该疾病控制和监测工具的开发情况。报告提供了治疗方案、病媒控制行动、监测控制和监测活动的指标以及分析不同策略成本效益的样本计算示例，还详细介绍了锥虫感染血液样本的冷冻保存方法以及用于控制采采蝇这一昆虫病媒的诱捕器和纱窗的情况。尽管这份报告主要面向昏睡病流行国家的卫生政策制定者，但它也将成为各级卫生保健人员（包括医生、护士、辅助人员和学生）以及从事该疾病研究的人员的有用参考资料。
