Ferreira M B, Carlos A G
Immunoallergology Unit-Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1999 Jan;31(1):18-21.
The authors review several of the most important aspects of latex allergy, an increasing problem in Public Health, which should be understood by all health professionals. After briefly presenting the history of the origin latex, from Hevea brasiliensis the authors describe the antigens of latex: Hev b1 to Hev b8, major allergens. They also note the crossed reactivity not only with foods, exotic fruits, but also with pneumoallergens and in particular the pollens. The groups at risk are essentially workers in the latex industry, health professionals and finally infants with spina bifida or other severe urological anomaly. The clinical signs are reactions of type 1 hypersensitivity, to urticaria and/or angio-oedema and anaphylactic shock. Diagnosis is based on a search for specific serum IgE, skin tests and provocation tests. Prophylaxis depends on removal of all substances that are based on latex, especially replacement of gloves with vinyl, but also on a food diet that excludes all foods that have a cross-reactivity with latex.
作者回顾了乳胶过敏的几个最重要方面，这在公共卫生领域是一个日益严重的问题，所有卫生专业人员都应了解。在简要介绍了来自巴西橡胶树的乳胶起源历史后，作者描述了乳胶的抗原：Hev b1至Hev b8，主要过敏原。他们还指出，乳胶不仅与食物、异国水果存在交叉反应，还与吸入性变应原，特别是花粉存在交叉反应。高危人群主要是乳胶行业的工人、卫生专业人员，最后是患有脊柱裂或其他严重泌尿系统异常的婴儿。临床症状为1型超敏反应，表现为荨麻疹和/或血管性水肿以及过敏性休克。诊断基于检测特异性血清IgE、皮肤试验和激发试验。预防措施包括去除所有基于乳胶的物质，特别是用乙烯基手套替代乳胶手套，还包括饮食中排除所有与乳胶有交叉反应的食物。
