Taylor James S, Erkek Emel
Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195-5032, USA.
Dermatol Ther. 2004;17(4):289-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04024.x.
Latex allergy is an IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity response to natural rubber latex (NRL) protein with a variety of clinical signs ranging from contact urticaria, angioedema, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Major allergens include dipped latex products such as gloves and balloons. In highest risk for NRL allergy are patients with spina bifida, but health care workers and others who wear latex gloves are also at risk. NRL allergic patients may also react to fruits/foods, especially banana, kiwi, and avocado. Diagnosis is made by a positive latex RAST and/or skin prick test or challenge test to NRL. Allergen avoidance and substitution and the use of latex-safe devices including synthetic gloves (vinyl, synthetic polyisoprene, neoprene, nitrile, block polymers, or polyurethane) are essential for the affected patient. Accommodation in the workplace may include the use of powder-free, low-allergen NRL gloves or synthetic gloves. These preventive measures have significantly reduced the prevalence of reported reactions to NRL. Hyposensitization is not yet feasible.
乳胶过敏是一种由免疫球蛋白E介导的对天然橡胶乳胶（NRL）蛋白的速发型超敏反应，具有多种临床症状，包括接触性荨麻疹、血管性水肿、哮喘和过敏反应。主要过敏原包括浸渍乳胶制品，如手套和气球。脊柱裂患者发生NRL过敏的风险最高，但医护人员和其他佩戴乳胶手套的人也有风险。NRL过敏患者也可能对水果/食物产生反应，尤其是香蕉、猕猴桃和鳄梨。通过乳胶RAST试验呈阳性和/或对NRL进行皮肤点刺试验或激发试验来进行诊断。对于受影响的患者，避免接触过敏原并进行替代，以及使用不含乳胶的设备，包括合成手套（乙烯基、合成聚异戊二烯、氯丁橡胶、腈、嵌段聚合物或聚氨酯）至关重要。工作场所的调整措施可能包括使用无粉、低过敏原的NRL手套或合成手套。这些预防措施已显著降低了报告的对NRL反应的发生率。目前还无法进行脱敏治疗。
