Dobrenis K
Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center for Research in Mental Retardation and Human Development, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
Methods. 1998 Nov;16(3):320-44. doi: 10.1006/meth.1998.0688.
The central nervous system (CNS) is host to a significant population of macrophage-like cells known as microglia. In addition to these cells which reside within the parenchyma, a diverse array of macrophages are present in meningeal, perivascular, and other peripheral locations. The role that microglia and other CNS macrophages play in disease and injury is under intensive investigation, and functions in development and in the normal adult are just beginning to be explored. At present the biology of these cells represents one of the most fertile areas of CNS research. This article describes methodology for the isolation and maintenance of microglia in cell cultures prepared from murine and feline animals. Various approaches to identify microglia are provided, using antibody, lectin, or scavenger receptor ligand. Assays to confirm macrophage-like functional activity, including phagocytosis, lysosomal enzyme activity, and motility, are described. Findings regarding the origin and development of microglia and results of transplantation studies are reviewed. Based on these data, a strategy is presented that proposes to use the microglial cell lineage to effectively deliver therapeutic compounds to the CNS from the peripheral circulation.
中枢神经系统（CNS）中存在大量被称为小胶质细胞的巨噬细胞样细胞。除了这些存在于实质组织中的细胞外，在脑膜、血管周围及其他外周部位还存在多种巨噬细胞。小胶质细胞和其他中枢神经系统巨噬细胞在疾病和损伤中所起的作用正在深入研究中，它们在发育过程以及正常成体中的功能才刚刚开始探索。目前，这些细胞的生物学特性是中枢神经系统研究中最具活力的领域之一。本文介绍了从小鼠和猫科动物制备的细胞培养物中分离和维持小胶质细胞的方法。提供了使用抗体、凝集素或清道夫受体配体来鉴定小胶质细胞的各种方法。描述了用于确认巨噬细胞样功能活性的检测方法，包括吞噬作用、溶酶体酶活性和运动性。回顾了关于小胶质细胞起源和发育的研究结果以及移植研究的结果。基于这些数据，提出了一种策略，建议利用小胶质细胞谱系从外周循环有效地将治疗性化合物递送至中枢神经系统。
