Huebner J, Goldmann D A
Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 1999;50:223-36. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.223.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci have long been regarded as apathogenic but their important role as pathogens and their increasing incidence have been recognized and studied in recent years. Although specific virulence factors are not as clearly established as they are in Staphylococcus aureus, it seems clear that factors such as bacterial polysaccharide components are involved in attachment and/or persistence of bacteria on foreign materials. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are by far the most common cause of bacteremia related to indwelling devices. Most of these infections are hospital-acquired, and studies over the past several years suggest that they are often caused by strains that are transmitted among hospitalized patients. Other important infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci include central nervous system shunt infections, native or prosthetic valve endocarditis, urinary tract infections, and endophthalmitis. Intravenous treatment of systemic infections is usually required because coagulase-negative staphylococci have become increasingly resistant to multiple antibiotics.
凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌长期以来被认为是无致病性的，但近年来它们作为病原体的重要作用及其发病率的上升已得到认可和研究。尽管其特定毒力因子不像金黄色葡萄球菌那样明确，但细菌多糖成分等因素似乎参与了细菌在异物上的附着和/或持续存在，这一点似乎很清楚。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌是目前与留置装置相关菌血症最常见的病因。这些感染大多是医院获得性的，过去几年的研究表明，它们通常由在住院患者中传播的菌株引起。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌引起的其他重要感染包括中枢神经系统分流感染、天然或人工瓣膜心内膜炎、尿路感染和眼内炎。由于凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对多种抗生素的耐药性日益增加，通常需要对全身感染进行静脉治疗。
