von Eiff C, Proctor R A, Peters G
Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster Hospital and Clinics, Domagkstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Postgrad Med. 2001 Oct;110(4):63-4, 69-70, 73-6.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci live naturally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and are therefore often found in clinical specimens. Distinguishing clinically significant, pathogenic strains from contaminant strains is one of the major challenges facing clinical microbiology laboratories. S epidermidis and other novobiocin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci have emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly of nosocomial bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. S epidermidis also is common in injecting drug users, who are particularly susceptible to right-sided endocarditis, and--most important--in patients with such indwelling foreign bodies as intravenous catheters. Depending on the kind of device and its insertion site, different infection syndromes generate a variety of clinical presentations. In these patients, the host defense mechanisms often seem unable to handle the infection and, in particular, to eliminate the staphylococci from the infected device because of a biofilm on the foreign body surface. S saprophyticus, the most commonly isolated bacterium of the novobiocin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, is a common pathogen of the urogenital tract; it generally infects immunocompetent patients, particularly young, sexually active men and women.
凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌自然存在于人类的皮肤和黏膜上，因此在临床标本中经常被发现。区分具有临床意义的致病菌株和污染菌株是临床微生物实验室面临的主要挑战之一。表皮葡萄球菌和其他对新生霉素敏感的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌已成为医院感染的主要原因，尤其是免疫功能低下患者的医院菌血症。表皮葡萄球菌在注射吸毒者中也很常见，他们特别容易患右侧心内膜炎，最重要的是，在有静脉导管等留置异物的患者中也很常见。根据器械的种类及其插入部位，不同的感染综合征会产生多种临床表现。在这些患者中，宿主防御机制似乎常常无法应对感染，特别是由于异物表面的生物膜而无法从受感染的器械中清除葡萄球菌。腐生葡萄球菌是最常分离出的对新生霉素耐药的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌，是泌尿生殖道的常见病原体；它通常感染免疫功能正常的患者，尤其是年轻、有性生活的男性和女性。
