Mathias C J, Kimber J R
Neurovascular Medicine Unit, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's, London, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Med. 1999;50:317-36. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.317.
Postural hypotension may result from various neurogenic and non-neurogenic causes. It may be a key feature of certain disorders, such as the primary chronic autonomic failure syndromes; it can complicate a variety of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus; and its prevalence increases with advancing age. When symptomatic, it may result in loss of consciousness and thus cause injury. Postural hypotension can be suspected from the patient's history and is readily documented in the clinic by measuring lying and standing blood pressure. The diagnosis ideally should be confirmed in the laboratory with additional tests to determine the cause and evaluate the functional deficit, so as to aid treatment. Treatment of the causative disorder is often curative when there are non-neurogenic causes. A combination of nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures is needed in the management of neurogenic postural hypotension.
体位性低血压可能由多种神经源性和非神经源性原因引起。它可能是某些疾病的关键特征，如原发性慢性自主神经功能衰竭综合征；它可使多种疾病复杂化，如糖尿病；其患病率随年龄增长而增加。出现症状时，可能导致意识丧失，进而造成损伤。根据患者病史可怀疑体位性低血压，在诊所通过测量卧位和立位血压很容易记录下来。理想情况下，应在实验室通过额外检查来确诊，以确定病因并评估功能缺陷，从而辅助治疗。当存在非神经源性原因时，治疗病因性疾病往往可治愈。在神经源性体位性低血压的管理中，需要非药物和药物措施相结合。
