Simpson S G, Jamison K R
Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-7381, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 2:53-6; discussion 75-6, 113-6.
Patients with bipolar disorder have a high risk of committing suicide, but determining the exact risk is complicated. For many years, the lifetime suicide risk in bipolar disorder was accepted as 15%, but recent researchers have suggested that the lifetime suicide risk may be lower. The group of bipolar patients at highest risk of suicide are young men who are in an early phase of the illness, especially those who have made a previous suicide attempt, those abusing alcohol, and those recently discharged from the hospital. The risk is also increased in patients who are in the depressed phase of bipolar illness, who have mixed states, or who have psychotic mania. Lithium prophylaxis appears to decrease suicide attempts.
双相情感障碍患者有很高的自杀风险，但确定确切风险很复杂。多年来，双相情感障碍的终身自杀风险被认为是15%，但最近的研究人员表明，终身自杀风险可能更低。自杀风险最高的双相情感障碍患者群体是处于疾病早期的年轻男性，尤其是那些曾有过自杀未遂经历、酗酒以及最近出院的患者。处于双相情感障碍抑郁期、有混合状态或有精神病性躁狂的患者自杀风险也会增加。锂盐预防性治疗似乎能减少自杀未遂的发生。
