Seppä K, Pitkäjärvi T, Sillanaukee P
University of Tampere, Medical School, and Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1999 Jan-Feb;34(1):65-70. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/34.1.65.
This longitudinal study aimed at comparing aggregate measures of heavy or problem drinking and their variations across time among the same subjects. We examined middle-aged men participating in a health survey over a 5-year interval. Of the 133 consecutive men in the whole age group interviewed as 40-year-olds in 1989, 114 were reached and re-interviewed in 1994. Alcohol consumption was measured by self-report, Malmo-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Mm-MAST), and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). Self-reported alcohol consumption decreased with years (142 vs 105 g/week, P = 0.01), as did CDT (16.9 vs 14.4 U/l, P = 0.02), but there was no change in the Mm-MAST results. There was no significant difference in the number of heavy drinkers (either Mm-MAST score > or = 3, or by self-reported alcohol consumption > or = 280 g/week, or by CDT > or = 20 U/l) at 40 and 45 years of age (37 and 47% respectively). At the individual level, alcohol consumption both increased and decreased with age. At 45 years of age 5/114 (4%) of the men reported that they had increased their alcohol consumption by more than 80 g/week and 25/114 (22%) said that they had reduced their drinking by the same amount. The remaining 84 (74%) reported drinking the same amount as 5 years earlier (+/- 80 g/week). This indicates that alcohol drinking habits are not stable in middle age. Most heavy drinkers in both age groups were detected by Mm-MAST and this proportion increased with age while the proportion of positive self-reports and CDTs decreased. Thus, the social consequences, measured here by the Mm-MAST, may be more readily experienced with years even at smaller consumption levels.
这项纵向研究旨在比较大量饮酒或问题饮酒的总体指标及其在同一受试者中的随时间变化情况。我们对参与一项为期5年的健康调查的中年男性进行了研究。在1989年接受访谈的全年龄组中连续的133名40岁男性中，114人在1994年被找到并再次接受访谈。饮酒量通过自我报告、马尔默改良版密歇根酒精中毒筛查测试（Mm-MAST）和血清缺糖转铁蛋白（CDT）进行测量。自我报告的饮酒量随年份减少（从每周142克降至105克，P = 0.01），CDT也如此（从16.9 U/l降至14.4 U/l，P = 0.02），但Mm-MAST结果没有变化。40岁和45岁时重度饮酒者（Mm-MAST评分≥3，或自我报告饮酒量≥每周280克，或CDT≥20 U/l）的数量没有显著差异（分别为37%和47%）。在个体层面，饮酒量随年龄既有增加也有减少。45岁时，114名男性中有5人（4%）报告他们的饮酒量每周增加了超过80克，25人（22%）表示他们的饮酒量减少了相同的量。其余84人（74%）报告饮酒量与5年前相同（±80克/周）。这表明中年人的饮酒习惯不稳定。两个年龄组中的大多数重度饮酒者通过Mm-MAST检测出来，这一比例随年龄增加，而自我报告和CDT呈阳性的比例下降。因此，即使饮酒量较小，多年来通过Mm-MAST衡量的社会后果可能更容易显现。
