Balcells Riba M
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Sagrado Corazón, Barcelona.
Neurologia. 1999 Jan;14(1):23-8.
The figure of J.H. Jackson is one of the most relevant in the history of neurology. His longest period not only during his training but also during his professional plenitude took place in the National Hospital. Jackson was a great clinician, wrote many articles and gave a lot of lectures, but never wrote either a treatise or a monograph about his special field. He did not carry out animal experiments. He introduced in Britain the use of the ophthalmoscope in the neurological exploration and founded the journal Brain. He was specially interested in language disorders, paralysis, vertigo, mental disorders, cerebral tumours and above all epilepsy. He systematized what we today know as complex partial crisis, establishing the link between the function of the temporal lobe and the sensorial auras, automatism's, déjà-vu and jamais vu phenomena. He described the uncinate crisis, the topographic progression of the motor partial crisis and its posterior generalisation, establishing the motor pattern of cerebral cortex. The clinical observations of epileptic phenomena, with the influence of the evolutive ideas from Spencer, were the seeds for the elaboration of the evolutive development of the function of the nervous system. His theory about evolution and dissolution of the neurological functions was the starting point for Freud's clinical investigation. The Jacksonian set of ideas were experimentally proved by the neurophysiological work of Sherrington.
J.H. 杰克逊是神经学史上最具影响力的人物之一。他最长的一段时间，不仅是在培训期间，而且在其职业生涯的巅峰时期，都是在国立医院度过的。杰克逊是一位伟大的临床医生，撰写了许多文章并进行了大量讲座，但从未就其专业领域撰写过专著或专题论文。他没有进行动物实验。他在英国引入了检眼镜在神经学检查中的应用，并创办了《大脑》杂志。他特别关注语言障碍、瘫痪、眩晕、精神障碍、脑肿瘤，尤其是癫痫。他将我们如今所知的复杂部分性发作进行了系统化，确立了颞叶功能与感觉先兆、自动症、似曾相识和旧事如新现象之间的联系。他描述了钩回发作、运动性部分性发作的地形学进展及其后来的泛化，确立了大脑皮层的运动模式。癫痫现象的临床观察，受到斯宾塞进化思想的影响，成为阐述神经系统功能进化发展的种子。他关于神经功能进化与解体的理论是弗洛伊德临床研究的起点。杰克逊的一系列观点通过谢灵顿的神经生理学研究得到了实验证明。
