Schramm F R
Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 1999;15 Suppl 1:51-64. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500007.
The year 1996 witnessed the cloning of the lamb Dolly, based on the revolutionary somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, developed by researchers from the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. This fact marked a relevant biotechnoscientific innovation, with probable significant consequences in the field of public health, since in principle it allows for expanding possibilities for the reproductive autonomy of infertile couples and carriers of diseases of mitochondrial origin. This article expounds on 1) the experiment's technical data and the theoretical implications for the biological sciences; 2) the public's perception thereof and the main international documents aimed at the legal and moral regulation of the technique; and 3) the moral arguments for and against cloning, from the point of view of consequentialist moral theory. We conclude that in the current stage of the debate on the morality of cloning, in which there are no cogent deontological arguments either for or against, weighing the probability of risks and benefits is the only reasonable way of dealing with the issue in societies that consider themselves democratic, pluralistic, and tolerant.
1996年，基于苏格兰爱丁堡罗斯林研究所的研究人员所研发的革命性的体细胞核移植（SCNT）技术，小羊多莉被克隆出来。这一事实标志着一项重大的生物科技革新，可能会给公共卫生领域带来重大影响，因为原则上它为不育夫妇及线粒体疾病携带者的生殖自主权拓展了可能性。本文阐述了：1）该实验的技术数据及其对生物科学的理论影响；2）公众对此的看法以及旨在对该技术进行法律和道德规范的主要国际文件；3）从结果主义道德理论的角度出发，支持和反对克隆的道德论据。我们得出结论，在当前关于克隆道德性的辩论阶段，由于不存在有力的支持或反对的道义论论据，权衡风险和益处的可能性是那些认为自己是民主、多元和宽容的社会处理该问题的唯一合理方式。
