Cutter C N
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA.
J Food Prot. 1999 Mar;62(3):280-3. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-62.3.280.
Saponins are naturally occurring compounds known as triterpenoid glycosides found in a variety of plant species. Saponins are approved for use in the food industry as foaming agents. When combined with water or organic acid in spray treatments, saponins' foaming property may improve carcass decontamination. In the first experiment of this study, lean beef carcass surfaces were experimentally inoculated with a fecal slurry containing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. Spray-washing treatments with 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by 2% acetic acid, were more effective for reducing aerobic bacteria than saponin, water, or 2% acetic acid washes alone. However, 1% saponin followed by a either a water or 2% acetic acid wash was no more effective than a 2% acetic acid wash for reducing populations of E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium. In the second experiment, experimentally inoculated beef surfaces were subjected to spray treatments with water followed by another water wash, water followed by a 2% acetic acid wash, 1% saponin followed by a water wash, or 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash. When examined for effectiveness against all bacterial populations, 1% saponin followed by a water wash and 1% saponin followed by a 2% acetic acid wash were as effective as two water washes or a water wash followed by 2% acetic acid for reducing aerobic bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium from beef surfaces. Under the conditions described, reductions associated with combination spray washes may be attributed to the physical removal of bacteria during the spraying process, not to any specific action of saponin.
皂苷是天然存在的化合物，被称为三萜类糖苷，存在于多种植物物种中。皂苷被批准在食品工业中用作发泡剂。在喷雾处理中与水或有机酸混合时，皂苷的发泡特性可能会改善胴体去污效果。在本研究的第一个实验中，在瘦牛肉胴体表面实验性接种了含有耐抗生素大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的粪便浆液。用1%皂苷喷雾洗涤后再用水冲洗，或1%皂苷后接2%乙酸处理，比单独使用皂苷、水或2%乙酸洗涤更有效地减少需氧菌。然而，1%皂苷后接水或2%乙酸洗涤在减少大肠杆菌O157:H7或鼠伤寒沙门氏菌数量方面并不比2%乙酸洗涤更有效。在第二个实验中，对实验接种的牛肉表面进行喷雾处理，依次为水洗后再水洗、水洗后接2%乙酸洗涤、1%皂苷后接水洗或1%皂苷后接2%乙酸洗涤。在检查对所有细菌群体的有效性时，1%皂苷后接水洗和1%皂苷后接2%乙酸洗涤在减少牛肉表面的需氧菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌方面与两次水洗或水洗后接2%乙酸洗涤同样有效。在所述条件下，联合喷雾洗涤带来细菌数量减少可能归因于喷雾过程中细菌的物理去除，而非皂苷的任何特定作用。
