Scholl B J, Pylyshyn Z W
Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
Cogn Psychol. 1999 Mar;38(2):259-90. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1998.0698.
In three experiments, subjects attempted to track multiple items as they moved independently and unpredictably about a display. Performance was not impaired when the items were briefly (but completely) occluded at various times during their motion, suggesting that occlusion is taken into account when computing enduring perceptual objecthood. Unimpaired performance required the presence of accretion and deletion cues along fixed contours at the occluding boundaries. Performance was impaired when items were present on the visual field at the same times and to the same degrees as in the occlusion conditions, but disappeared and reappeared in ways which did not implicate the presence of occluding surfaces (e.g., by imploding and exploding into and out of existence instead of accreting and deleting along a fixed contour). Unimpaired performance did not require visible occluders (i.e., Michotte's tunnel effect) or globally consistent occluder positions. We discuss implications of these results for theories of objecthood in visual attention.
在三项实验中，当多个物体在显示屏上独立且不可预测地移动时，受试者试图对其进行追踪。当物体在运动过程中的不同时间被短暂（但完全）遮挡时，追踪表现并未受损，这表明在计算持久的感知物体性时会考虑到遮挡情况。未受损的表现要求在遮挡边界处沿固定轮廓存在增减线索。当物体在视野中同时出现且出现程度与遮挡条件相同，但以不涉及遮挡表面存在的方式消失和重新出现时（例如，通过向内和向外爆炸式地出现和消失，而不是沿固定轮廓增减），表现会受损。未受损的表现并不需要可见的遮挡物（即米乔特隧道效应）或全局一致的遮挡物位置。我们讨论了这些结果对视觉注意中物体性理论的影响。
