Franconeri Steven L, Pylyshyn Zenon W, Scholl Brian J
Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2012 May;74(4):691-702. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0265-9.
Moving objects in the world present a challenge to the visual system, in that they often move in and out of view as they are occluded by other surfaces. Nevertheless, the ability to track multiple objects through periods of occlusion is surprisingly robust. Here, we identify a simple heuristic that underlies this ability: Pre- and postocclusion views of objects are linked together solely by their spatial proximity. Tracking through occlusion was always improved when the postocclusion instances reappeared closer to the preocclusion views. Strikingly, this was true even when objects' previous trajectories predicted different reappearance locations and when objects reappeared "too close," from invisible "slits" in empty space, rather than from more distant occluder contours. Tracking through occlusion appears to rely only on spatial proximity, and not on encoding heading information, likely reappearance locations, or the visible structure of occluders.
现实世界中移动的物体对视觉系统构成了挑战，因为它们在被其他表面遮挡时常常会进出视野。然而，在遮挡期间跟踪多个物体的能力却出奇地强大。在这里，我们确定了一种构成这种能力基础的简单启发式方法：物体遮挡前后的视图仅通过它们的空间 proximity 联系在一起。当遮挡后的实例在更接近遮挡前视图的位置重新出现时，通过遮挡进行的跟踪总是会得到改善。引人注目的是，即使物体先前的轨迹预测了不同的重新出现位置，并且物体从空空间中的不可见“狭缝”而不是从更远的遮挡物轮廓处“过于接近”地重新出现，情况也是如此。通过遮挡进行的跟踪似乎仅依赖于空间 proximity，而不依赖于编码航向信息、可能的重新出现位置或遮挡物的可见结构。
