Raudenbush B, Frank R A
Department of Psychology, Wheeling Jesuit University, USA.
Appetite. 1999 Apr;32(2):261-71. doi: 10.1006/appe.1999.0229.
The present study assesses the effects of food familiarity on food ratings of neophobics and neophilics by having them sample and evaluate familiar and novel foods. Level of neophobia was assessed using the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). Participants rated their familiarity with each food, their willingness to try the foods and expected liking for the foods, as well as their actual liking for the foods after they were sampled. Willingness to try the foods again in the future, and the amount of food sampled were also assessed. Evaluations of the foods were more positive for familiar vs. unfamiliar foods across all study participants. The responses of neophobics and neophilics were similar for familiar foods, but differed when the foods were unfamiliar, with neophobics making more negative evaluations. Neophobics and neophilics differed least in their liking ratings of the stimuli that were made after the foods were actually sampled, and differed most in their ratings of willingness to try the foods. It is concluded that neophobics have different expectancies about unfamiliar foods, and that these expectancies influence food sampling and rating behaviors. The neophobic's negative attitude toward an unfamiliar food may be ameliorated, but is not eliminated, once sensory information about the food is obtained.
本研究通过让新恐惧症者和新偏好者对熟悉和新奇的食物进行采样和评估，来评估食物熟悉度对他们食物评分的影响。使用食物新恐惧症量表（FNS）评估新恐惧症的程度。参与者对每种食物的熟悉程度、尝试这些食物的意愿、对这些食物的预期喜爱程度，以及在品尝后对这些食物的实际喜爱程度进行评分。还评估了未来再次尝试这些食物的意愿以及所采样食物的量。在所有研究参与者中，对熟悉食物的评价比对不熟悉食物的评价更积极。对于熟悉的食物，新恐惧症者和新偏好者的反应相似，但当食物不熟悉时则有所不同，新恐惧症者的评价更负面。新恐惧症者和新偏好者在实际品尝食物后对刺激的喜爱评分差异最小，而在尝试食物的意愿评分上差异最大。研究得出结论，新恐惧症者对不熟悉食物有不同的预期，并且这些预期会影响食物采样和评分行为。一旦获得了关于食物的感官信息，新恐惧症者对不熟悉食物的消极态度可能会得到改善，但不会消除。
