Ewing R C
Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):3432-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3432.
The disposition of actinides, most recently 239Pu from dismantled nuclear weapons, requires effective containment of waste generated by the nuclear fuel cycle. Because actinides (e.g., 239Pu and 237Np) are long-lived, they have a major impact on risk assessments of geologic repositories. Thus, demonstrable, long-term chemical and mechanical durability are essential properties of waste forms for the immobilization of actinides. Mineralogic and geologic studies provide excellent candidate phases for immobilization and a unique database that cannot be duplicated by a purely materials science approach. The "mineralogic approach" is illustrated by a discussion of zircon as a phase for the immobilization of excess weapons plutonium.
锕系元素的处置，最近是拆除核武器产生的239Pu，需要有效遏制核燃料循环产生的废物。由于锕系元素（如239Pu和237Np）寿命长，它们对地质处置库的风险评估有重大影响。因此，可证明的长期化学和机械耐久性是固定锕系元素的废物形式的基本特性。矿物学和地质研究为固定提供了极佳的候选相以及一个独特的数据库，这是纯粹的材料科学方法无法复制的。通过讨论锆石作为固定多余武器钚的一个相来说明“矿物学方法”。
