Miller C J, Hu J
Virology and Immunology Unit, California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1999 May;179 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S413-7. doi: 10.1086/314795.
Intravaginal inoculation with T cell-tropic molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) or some dual-tropic strains of SIV or SHIV produced systemic infection in rhesus macaques. Vaginal inoculation with other dual-tropic molecular clones of SIV or SHIV did not infect rhesus macaques even after multiple inoculations. While in vitro measures of macrophage tropism do not predict which primate lentiviruses will produce systemic infection after intravaginal inoculation, the level to which a virus replicates in vivo after intravenous inoculation does predict the outcome of intravaginal inoculation. Another series of studies, using combined in situ hybridization and immunolabeling to simultaneously detect SIV RNA and identify the immunophenotype of infected cells, demonstrated that a large proportion (approximately 40% in some animals) of the SIV-infected cells in the vagina and cervix were Langerhans' cells. This is the first in vivo demonstration that Langerhans' cells in the genital tract are infected with SIV and that dendritic cells are significant reservoirs for lentiviruses.
用猿猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）或猿猴 - 人类免疫缺陷病毒（SHIV）的T细胞嗜性分子克隆，或某些SIV或SHIV的双嗜性毒株进行阴道接种，可使恒河猴产生全身感染。用其他SIV或SHIV的双嗜性分子克隆进行阴道接种，即使多次接种也不会感染恒河猴。虽然体外对巨噬细胞嗜性的检测无法预测哪些灵长类慢病毒在阴道接种后会产生全身感染，但病毒在静脉接种后在体内的复制水平确实可以预测阴道接种的结果。另一系列研究，使用原位杂交和免疫标记相结合的方法同时检测SIV RNA并鉴定感染细胞的免疫表型，结果表明，阴道和子宫颈中很大一部分（在某些动物中约为40%）被SIV感染的细胞是朗格汉斯细胞。这是首次在体内证明生殖道中的朗格汉斯细胞被SIV感染，并且树突状细胞是慢病毒的重要储存库。
