Słowik-Gabryelska A
Klinika Chorób Płuc, Nowotworów i Gruźlicy Akademii Medycznej w Bydgoszczy.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 1998 Dec;5(30):321-4.
The fact, that more than 10% people suffer from COPD /chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/, that number of COPD patients increases rapidly all over the world, and at the moment COPD is one from four the most frequent cause of death, makes us to search for effective methods of prevention and treatment. The number and variety of factors cooperating in pathogenesis and development of the disease in contrast to poor knowledge of them was the reason, that the retrospective analysis of some factors of 300 COPD patients, treated in our Clinic from severe exacerbations was carried out. There were analysed the following factors; age, gender, body mass index, profession, the length and duration of the disease, incidence of exacerbations and habits; alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. The aim of these searches was to establish the factors which most commonly cooperate in initiation and development of COPD in the province of Bydgoszcz. There was established, that chronic bronchitis was more frequent in men. That deference is caused not only by exposure to occupational irritant factors. COPD was also more frequent in smokers /about 70%/, elders, blue collar workers, especially exposed to irritants and/or toxic effects by virtue of their work, persons living in industrialized Bydgoszcz. There were no correlation between COPD incidence and malnutrition or alcohol consumption, but the simple correlation between time of the disease and severity of airway obstruction was seen. The longer time of chronic bronchitis, the more increased airway obstructions, and more frequent respiratory insufficiency. In the course of the disease was growing; the number of malnutritioned patients and the number of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The longer time of disease, the shorter free of symptoms intervals. In alcohol consuming patients the exacerbations occurred significantly more frequent and more severe. There was correlation between alcohol and cigarette consumption. The exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in November, December and March were the most frequently seen. In observed group of chronic bronchitis patients the importance of risk factors unconnected with smoking was significantly great, that suggest the growing role of other factors in pathogenesis and development of COPD.
事实上，超过10%的人患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），且全球COPD患者数量迅速增加，目前COPD是四大最常见死因之一，这促使我们寻找有效的预防和治疗方法。与对这些因素的了解不足形成对比的是，多种因素在该疾病的发病机制和发展过程中相互作用，这也是对我院因严重急性加重而接受治疗的300例COPD患者的某些因素进行回顾性分析的原因。分析了以下因素：年龄、性别、体重指数、职业、疾病时长和病程、急性加重的发生率以及习惯（饮酒和吸烟）。这些研究的目的是确定在比得哥什省最常与COPD的发生和发展相关的因素。研究发现，慢性支气管炎在男性中更为常见。这种差异不仅是由职业性刺激因素暴露引起的。COPD在吸烟者（约70%）、老年人、蓝领工人中也更为常见，特别是那些因工作而暴露于刺激物和/或有毒影响的人，以及生活在工业化的比得哥什的人。COPD发病率与营养不良或饮酒之间没有相关性，但疾病时间与气道阻塞严重程度之间存在简单的相关性。慢性支气管炎时间越长，气道阻塞增加越明显，呼吸功能不全越频繁。在疾病过程中，营养不良患者的数量和慢性支气管炎急性加重的次数都在增加。疾病时间越长，无症状间隔越短。在饮酒患者中，急性加重发生得更频繁、更严重。饮酒与吸烟之间存在相关性。11月、12月和3月慢性支气管炎急性加重最为常见。在观察到的慢性支气管炎患者组中，与吸烟无关的危险因素的重要性显著增加，这表明其他因素在COPD的发病机制和发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
