Seeley R J, Schwartz M W
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999 Feb;88(428):58-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14352.x.
Maintenance of appropriate stores of metabolic fuels depends on carefully matching caloric intake to caloric expenditure. Achieving such 'energy balance' is a product of complex interactions of peripheral hormones with effector systems in the central nervous system (CNS) that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin is a hormone that is made in the adipocytes, circulates in the blood and interacts with receptors in the CNS. These receptors can be found in two different types of systems. One effector system is termed 'anabolic' and is activated by low levels of leptin during negative energy balance. This system (exemplified by the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y system) increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure to facilitate the regaining of lost energy stores. The other effector system is termed 'catabolic' and is activated by high levels of leptin during positive energy balance. This system (exemplified by the hypothalamic melanocortin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone systems) decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure to facilitate the loss of excess energy stores. Further understanding of these systems is necessary to develop adequate treatments for disorders of energy balance, such as obesity and wasting.
维持适当的代谢燃料储备取决于使热量摄入与热量消耗仔细匹配。实现这种“能量平衡”是外周激素与中枢神经系统（CNS）中调节食物摄入和能量消耗的效应系统复杂相互作用的结果。瘦素是一种在脂肪细胞中产生、在血液中循环并与中枢神经系统中的受体相互作用的激素。这些受体可在两种不同类型的系统中找到。一种效应系统被称为“合成代谢”，在负能量平衡期间由低水平的瘦素激活。该系统（以下丘脑神经肽Y系统为例）增加食物摄入并减少能量消耗，以促进恢复失去的能量储备。另一种效应系统被称为“分解代谢”，在正能量平衡期间由高水平的瘦素激活。该系统（以下丘脑促黑素和促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素系统为例）减少食物摄入并增加能量消耗，以促进消耗多余的能量储备。进一步了解这些系统对于开发针对能量平衡紊乱（如肥胖和消瘦）的适当治疗方法是必要的。
