Acta Paediatr. 1999 Feb;88(2):228-32.
Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection and its treatment are peculiar in children. Adherence and compliance must be carefully taken into account before initiating or changing therapy and in the choice of drugs. Even in the absence of paediatric-specific trial results and notwithstanding drug-labelling notations, all antiretroviral drugs should be used when indicated. A combined therapy is compulsory. Therapy is highly recommended in category C or category 3 and recommended in category B children. Indications in categories N1, N2, A1 or A2 are limited. A triple association is recommended in category C or category 3 children or in those with a high viral load, when compliance is guaranteed. A step-down strategy is not advisable. Infants' treatment should be inserted into controlled studies. Therapy should be changed when serious side effects or poor tolerance (choose drugs with a different toxicity and greater tolerance), poor compliance (individualize the motives) or treatment failure (evaluate progression and adherence) occurs.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染及其治疗在儿童中具有特殊性。在开始或改变治疗方案以及选择药物时，必须仔细考虑依从性和顺应性。即使没有针对儿科的试验结果，且不顾药品标签说明，所有抗逆转录病毒药物在有指征时均应使用。联合治疗是强制性的。C类或3类儿童强烈推荐进行治疗，B类儿童推荐进行治疗。N1、N2、A1或A2类的指征有限。对于C类或3类儿童或病毒载量高且依从性有保证的儿童，推荐三联治疗。逐步降级策略不可取。婴儿的治疗应纳入对照研究。当出现严重副作用或耐受性差（选择毒性不同且耐受性更好的药物）、依从性差（个体化原因）或治疗失败（评估病情进展和依从性）时，应改变治疗方案。
