Neumark-Sztainer D, Sherwood N E, French S A, Jeffery R W
Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis 55454, USA.
Obes Res. 1999 Mar;7(2):179-88. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00700.x.
To examine gender differences in weight control behaviors; their duration and the consistency of their use over a 3-year period; and variations of these behaviors by body mass index (BMI).
The study population included 714 women and 229 men participating in a community-based weight gain prevention program who completed surveys about their weight control behaviors annually for 3 years. General dieting behaviors (e.g., current, regular, and past dieting), dietary restraint (using Restrained Eating subscale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), and specific weight control practices (e.g., increasing exercise, skipping meals, and taking laxatives) were assessed.
Women were more likely than men to report weight control behaviors, with particularly strong associations found between gender and "history of dieting" (odds ratio = 8.1) and "participation in an organized weight loss program" (odds ratio = 11.7). Among both genders, exercise was the most frequently reported specific weight loss practice (66% of women and 53% of men), followed by decreasing fat intake (62% of women and 48% of men). The use of at least one unhealthy weight control behavior over the past year was reported by 22% of the women and 17% of the men. Gender differences were not found for duration of use of most of the specific weight control practices over the past year, or for consistency of general dieting behaviors and dietary restraint over time. Although both gender and BMI were strongly associated with dieting behaviors, interactions between gender and BMI on prevalence rates of dieting were not significant.
Although weight control behaviors were more prevalent among women than men, in general, large gender differences were not found in the types of behaviors used and the duration and consistency of their use. The high percentages of adults using healthy methods of weight control was encouraging. However, there is still cause for concern, in that unhealthy weight control practices were also reported by a significant percentage of the population.
研究体重控制行为中的性别差异；这些行为的持续时间以及在三年期间使用的一致性；以及这些行为因体重指数（BMI）的变化情况。
研究人群包括714名女性和229名男性，他们参与了一项基于社区的体重增加预防项目，连续三年每年完成关于其体重控制行为的调查。评估了一般节食行为（如当前、定期和过去的节食）、饮食限制（使用三因素饮食问卷中的饮食限制子量表）以及特定的体重控制做法（如增加运动、不吃饭和服用泻药）。
女性比男性更有可能报告体重控制行为，在性别与“节食史”（优势比 = 8.1）和“参加有组织的减肥项目”（优势比 = 11.7）之间发现了特别强的关联。在两性中，运动是最常报告的特定减肥做法（66%的女性和53%的男性），其次是减少脂肪摄入（62%的女性和48%的男性）。在过去一年中，22%的女性和17%的男性报告使用了至少一种不健康的体重控制行为。在过去一年中，大多数特定体重控制做法的使用持续时间，以及一般节食行为和饮食限制随时间的一致性方面，未发现性别差异。尽管性别和BMI都与节食行为密切相关，但性别和BMI在节食患病率上的相互作用并不显著。
尽管体重控制行为在女性中比男性更普遍，但总体而言，在使用的行为类型及其使用的持续时间和一致性方面未发现大的性别差异。成年人使用健康体重控制方法的高比例令人鼓舞。然而，仍有令人担忧的原因，因为相当比例的人群也报告了不健康的体重控制做法。
