Hospital-physician integration: case studies of community hospitals.

Hospitals are attempting more meaningfully to involve physicians in management as one approach to increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the structure of the medical staff organization, the extent to which physicians are integrated into hospital decision making and the hospital's financial performance. A measure of hospital-physician integration was developed based on Alexander et al's (1986) dimensions of hospital-physician integration which were based on Scott's (1982) organizational models, ie, autonomous, heteronomous and conjoint. A multiple case study design, which comprised eight community non-teaching hospitals over 200 beds located in the Province of Ontario, Canada, was used to examine the relationship between variables. Study results suggest that there is variation among community hospitals on both contextual and organization factors. Hospitals with high levels of hospital-physician integration were located in highly populated areas, had formulated and implemented a strategic plan, had highly structured medical staff organizations, and had no budgetary deficit. In contrast, hospitals with moderate or low levels of integration were more likely to be located in lowly populated areas, had little planning activity, had a moderately structured medical staff organization, and had deficit budgeting. Suggested areas for future research include examining the role of the Board of Trustees in determining physicians' organizational roles and identifying differences in commitments, characteristics, and motivations of physicians working in rural versus urban hospitals and their impact on integrative strategies.