Hanson K
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Health Policy Plan. 1992 Dec;7(4):315-28. doi: 10.1093/heapol/7.4.315.
AIDS is rapidly becoming a major health problem in developing countries. Limited empirical information is available about the impact of AIDS on the household, the community, the health sector and the broader economy. Special problems exist in estimating the direct economic costs of AIDS in developing countries, including large out-of-pocket expenditures on health care and shortages of drugs and supplies; the difficulties of valuing resources used in caring for people with AIDS; and the lack of treatment alternatives. The calculation of indirect costs is complicated by difficulties in calculating the value of non-market production and international comparisons of the value of healthy life years lost may be erroneous, due to the higher level of average wages in developed countries. Existing evidence on the impact of AIDS at the household, community, sectoral and macroeconomic level is reviewed. Special attention is given to the impact of AIDS on the health sector and the resource allocation decisions which are made at this level. A policy-relevant research strategy would include addressing the particular information needs of the health sector, as well as studies which can help to inform government policy to mitigate the impact of AIDS at the household, community, sectoral and macroeconomic levels.
艾滋病正在迅速成为发展中国家的一个主要健康问题。关于艾滋病对家庭、社区、卫生部门及更广泛经济的影响，现有的实证信息有限。在估算发展中国家艾滋病的直接经济成本方面存在特殊问题，包括医疗保健方面大量的自付费用以及药品和物资短缺；评估用于照料艾滋病患者的资源价值存在困难；以及缺乏治疗选择。间接成本的计算因难以计算非市场生产的价值而变得复杂，并且由于发达国家平均工资水平较高，对失去的健康生命年价值进行国际比较可能会出现误差。本文回顾了关于艾滋病在家庭、社区、部门和宏观经济层面影响的现有证据。特别关注艾滋病对卫生部门的影响以及在此层面做出的资源分配决策。一项与政策相关的研究策略将包括满足卫生部门的特定信息需求，以及开展有助于为政府政策提供信息以减轻艾滋病在家庭、社区、部门和宏观经济层面影响的研究。
