Shaw B W
University of Nebraska Medical School, Omaha.
Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 1993 Jun;3(2):179-87. doi: 10.1353/ken.0.0109.
The University of Pittsburgh policy for procuring organs from non-heart-beating cadaver donors recognizes the potential for conflicts of interest between caring for a "hopelessly ill" patient who has forgone life-sustaining treatment and caring for a potential organ donor. The policy calls for a separation between those medical personnel who care for the gravely ill patient and those involved with the care of transplant recipients. While such a separation is possible in theory, it is difficult or impossible to attain in practice. However, such a separation of duties would be unnecessary if an arbitrator were appointed to monitor the proceedings as they take place on a case-by-case basis. In this way, the biases--real or potential--of the individuals involved could be identified, and the harmful effects of the unavoidable conflicts of interest could be minimized.
匹兹堡大学关于从非心脏跳动尸体捐赠者获取器官的政策认识到，在照料放弃维持生命治疗的“绝症”患者与照料潜在器官捐赠者之间存在利益冲突的可能性。该政策要求区分照料重症患者的医务人员和参与移植受者护理的人员。虽然这种区分在理论上是可行的，但在实践中很难或无法实现。然而，如果指定一名仲裁员在逐案基础上监督整个过程，那么这种职责区分将是不必要的。通过这种方式，可以识别相关人员真实的或潜在的偏见，并将不可避免的利益冲突的有害影响降至最低。
