Martens R, Gill D L, Scanlan T K
Percept Mot Skills. 1976 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):1199-1208. doi: 10.2466/pms.1976.43.3f.1199.
Two experiments determined the effects of competitive trait anxiety, success-failure, and sex on the performance of 10- to 12 yr.-old children competing on a complex motor maze. Competitive trait anxiety was assessed by the Sport Competition Anxiety Test and success-failure was induced by giving bogus win-loss feedback. High and low competitive trait-anxiety children were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: winning 80%, 50% or 20% of 20 contests. The average completion time and the variability of times within each of two blocks of 10 contests were the two performance measures. State-anxiety was assessed with Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory for Children as an indicant of arousal prior to and during competition. The findings of Exp. 1 yielded no significant performance differences. In Exp. 2 a significant interaction of competitive trait anxiety X success-failure X sex for performance time and variability was obtained. This interaction was largely attributed to sex differences.
两项实验确定了竞争性特质焦虑、成败经历和性别对10至12岁儿童在复杂运动迷宫竞赛中表现的影响。通过运动竞赛焦虑测试评估竞争性特质焦虑，并通过提供虚假的输赢反馈来诱导成败经历。高竞争性特质焦虑和低竞争性特质焦虑的儿童被随机分配到三种条件之一：在20场竞赛中赢得80%、50%或20%。两项由10场竞赛组成的比赛中，每场比赛的平均完成时间和时间变异性是两项表现指标。使用斯皮尔伯格儿童状态焦虑量表评估状态焦虑，作为竞赛前和竞赛期间唤醒水平的指标。实验1的结果未显示出显著的表现差异。在实验2中，获得了竞争性特质焦虑×成败经历×性别对表现时间和变异性的显著交互作用。这种交互作用主要归因于性别差异。
