Scanlan T K, Passer M W
Med Sci Sports. 1978 Summer;10(2):103-8.
A study was conducted to determine intrapersonal and situational factors related to the stress experienced by 11 and 12 year old boys participating in competitive youth sports. Potential stress related factors were assessed at preseason, pregame, and postgame periods. The indicant of stress was state anxiety measured by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory for Children administered 30 minutes prior to and immediately following a competitive soccer game. Findings indicated that competitive trait anxiety, self esteem, basal state anxiety, and expectancies of self and team performance outcomes were significantly related to stress experienced when anticipating competition. As hypothesized, game win-loss was a highly significant predictor of post-game stress. Other predictors of postgame stress were the game win-loss x game closeness interaction, the amount of fun experienced during the game, basal state anxiety, and the perceived importance of a game win to the coach. The findings are discussed in terms of the child's actual and perceived response capabilities in meeting the performance demands of the highly evaluative sport competition process.
一项研究旨在确定与参与青少年竞技体育的11岁和12岁男孩所经历的压力相关的个人因素和情境因素。在季前赛、赛前和赛后阶段评估了潜在的压力相关因素。压力指标是通过在一场竞技足球比赛前30分钟和比赛结束后立即进行的斯皮尔伯格儿童状态焦虑量表测量的状态焦虑。研究结果表明，竞争性特质焦虑、自尊、基础状态焦虑以及对自我和团队表现结果的期望与预期比赛时所经历的压力显著相关。正如所假设的，比赛胜负是赛后压力的一个高度显著预测因素。赛后压力的其他预测因素包括比赛胜负×比赛接近程度的交互作用、比赛中体验到的乐趣量、基础状态焦虑以及比赛胜利对教练的感知重要性。研究结果根据儿童在满足高度评价性体育比赛过程的表现要求方面的实际和感知反应能力进行了讨论。
