Saltford N, Snider S
EBRI.
EBRI Issue Brief. 1994 May(149):1-72.
The purpose of this Issue Brief is to present a comprehensive description of part-time work and part-time workers. The report describes trends in part-time employment; characteristics of part-time workers; health, pension, and other benefits available to part-time workers; and the advantages and disadvantages of part-time work to employers and employees. The report also identifies public policy issues stemming from the increase in the number of part-time workers. The number of part-time workers increased from 10.8 million to 20.7 million between 1969 and 1993, an increase of 91.7 percent, representing 24.6 percent of the growth in the work force. Full-time employment rose 51.4 percent, from 59.2 million to 89.6 million, representing 75.4 percent of new entrants. While the part-time work force increased 91.7 percent between 1969 and 1993, growth as a proportion of the total work force has been minimal, rising from 15.5 percent in 1969 to 18.8 percent in 1993, a 3.3 percentage point increase over this 24-year period. Voluntary part-time workers represented 70.6 percent of all part-time workers in 1993, compared with the 29.4 percent classifying themselves as involuntary part-time workers. Between 1969 and 1993, the voluntary part-time work force grew from 9.0 million to 14.6 million, an average annual increase of 2.0 percent. The involuntary part-time work force increased from 1.8 million to 6.1 million, an average annual increase of 5.2 percent. Of the 28.9 million part-time workers in 1992, 71 percent received health insurance from one or more private sources. More than one-half (52 percent) received coverage through an employment-based plan, and 19 percent through another private source. By comparison, 81 percent of full-time workers received coverage from a private source: 73 percent through an employment-based plan and 8 percent from another private source. Just over one in five, or 21 percent, of part-time workers were uninsured; 16 percent of full-time workers were without health insurance. While the likelihood of a part-time worker being uninsured is 5 percentage points higher than for full-time workers, there are more full-time workers uninsured (16.4 million full-time workers were uninsured in 1992, compared with 5.9 million part-time workers).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
本问题简报的目的是全面描述非全日制工作及非全日制工作者。该报告描述了非全日制就业的趋势；非全日制工作者的特征；非全日制工作者可享有的健康、养老金及其他福利；以及非全日制工作对雇主和雇员的利弊。该报告还指出了因非全日制工作者数量增加而产生的公共政策问题。1969年至1993年间，非全日制工作者数量从1080万增至2070万，增长了91.7%，占劳动力增长的24.6%。全日制就业增长了51.4%，从5920万增至8960万，占新入职人员的75.4%。虽然1969年至1993年间非全日制劳动力增长了91.7%，但其占劳动力总数的比例增长极小，从1969年的15.5%升至1993年的18.8%，在这24年期间增长了3.3个百分点。1993年，自愿非全日制工作者占所有非全日制工作者的70.6%，而将自己归类为非自愿非全日制工作者的占29.4%。1969年至1993年间，自愿非全日制劳动力从900万增至1460万，年均增长2.0%。非自愿非全日制劳动力从180万增至610万，年均增长5.2%。1992年的2890万非全日制工作者中，71%从一个或多个私人渠道获得医疗保险。超过一半（52%）通过基于就业的计划获得保险，19%通过其他私人渠道获得。相比之下，81%的全日制工作者从私人渠道获得保险：73%通过基于就业的计划，8%通过其他私人渠道。略超过五分之一，即21%的非全日制工作者未参保；16%的全日制工作者没有医疗保险。虽然非全日制工作者未参保的可能性比全日制工作者高5个百分点，但未参保的全日制工作者更多（1992年有1640万全日制工作者未参保，相比之下，非全日制工作者有590万未参保）。（摘要截选至400字）
