Yakoboski P, Fronstin P, Snider S, Reilly A, Scheer D, Custer B, Boyce S
EBRI Issue Brief. 1994 Aug(152):1-50.
The April 1993 CPS differs from the March 1993 CPS in a number of respects. The April 1993 CPS supplement surveys only workers, whereas the March CPS examines the noncash benefits received by all Americans. The April CPS asks workers about health coverage in the week in which the questions were fielded, whereas the March CPS asks about coverage in the preceding year. In April 1993, there were 112.5 million civilian American workers between the ages of 18 and 64 with jobs. Eighty-two million (73 percent) of them worked for an employer that sponsored a health insurance plan, and 65 million (58 percent of all workers) participated in their employer's health plan. About one-third of workers at firms with fewer than 10 employees had employers who offer health benefits; about one-quarter of all of the workers in these firms participated in their employer's plan. Conversely, 94 percent of workers at firms with more than 1,000 employees had an employer who sponsored health benefits, and over 77 percent of these workers participated in their employer's plan. There are 16.5 million American workers whose employers sponsored health benefits but who did not participate in these benefits. Over one-half of these workers (8.5 million) chose not to be covered. Another 36 percent of these workers (5.9 million) did not participate because they were ineligible or denied coverage. Over 66 percent of the ineligible workers did not participate because they were part-time, contract, or temporary workers. Another 26 percent had not yet completed a probationary period. Among the reasons that those who chose not to participate in their employer's coverage, the vast majority (75 percent) stated they were covered by another health care plan. Twenty-nine percent stated that they chose not to purchase coverage because it was too costly or that they did not need or want the coverage. In 1993, there were 16.7 million workers with no health insurance coverage. The vast majority of these workers (95 percent) were employed by private employers. Sixty-six percent of the workers with no health insurance coverage were self-employed or worked for firms with fewer than 100 employees.
1993年4月的当前人口调查（CPS）在许多方面与1993年3月的CPS不同。1993年4月的CPS补充调查仅针对工人，而3月的CPS调查所有美国人获得的非现金福利。4月的CPS询问工人在问题实地调查当周的医保覆盖情况，而3月的CPS询问上一年的覆盖情况。1993年4月，有1.125亿年龄在18岁至64岁之间的美国文职工人有工作。其中8200万（73%）为赞助了医疗保险计划的雇主工作，6500万（占所有工人的58%）参加了雇主的医保计划。在员工少于10人的公司中，约三分之一的员工所在雇主提供医保福利；这些公司中约四分之一的所有员工参加了雇主的计划。相反，在员工超过1000人的公司中，94%的员工所在雇主赞助了医保福利，超过77%的这些员工参加了雇主的计划。有1650万美国工人，其雇主赞助了医保福利，但他们未参加这些福利。这些工人中超过一半（850万）选择不参保。另外36%的这些工人（590万）未参加是因为他们不符合资格或被拒绝参保。超过66%不符合资格的工人未参加是因为他们是兼职、合同或临时工。另外26%的人尚未完成试用期。在那些选择不参加雇主医保覆盖的原因中，绝大多数（75%）表示他们被另一个医疗保健计划覆盖。29%的人表示他们选择不购买保险是因为费用太高，或者他们不需要或不想要保险。1993年，有1670万工人没有医保覆盖。这些工人中的绝大多数（95%）受雇于私人雇主。没有医保覆盖的工人中有66%是自营职业者或在员工少于100人的公司工作。
