Norcini J J
American Board of Internal Medicine.
Eval Health Prof. 1994 Jun;17(2):160-77; discussion 236-41. doi: 10.1177/016327879401700203.
The purpose of this article is to outline an agenda for research on standards for professional licensure and certification examinations. To avoid confusion, scores are defined as content-based decisions about the correctness of responses, and standards refer to the educational/social decisions about how many questions need to be answered correctly to pass. Standards are the focus of this article. The two major types of standards, relative and absolute, are described and the major standard-setting methods for each are presented. Some of the published results in four different areas are reviewed: (a) basis of the judgements, (b) efficiency of the process, (c) group effects, and (d) content and expertise effects. Topics for future research in all four areas are identified.
本文的目的是概述一份关于专业执照和认证考试标准的研究议程。为避免混淆，分数被定义为基于内容对回答正确性的判定，而标准则指关于需要正确回答多少道题才能通过的教育/社会判定。标准是本文的重点。文中描述了两种主要类型的标准，即相对标准和绝对标准，并介绍了每种标准的主要设定方法。对四个不同领域已发表的一些研究结果进行了综述：（a）判断的依据，（b）过程的效率，（c）群体效应，以及（d）内容和专业知识效应。确定了这四个领域未来的研究主题。
