Development of clinical methods for utilization review in psychiatric day treatment.

When a time-limited day treatment program was reconfigured to serve individuals with long-standing psychotic disorders, the number of treatment episodes exceeding six months rose to 70%. To justify this concentration of resources, the program needed methods to identify individuals for whom sustained treatment was appropriate. This report describes development of utilization review methods adapted to publicly funded day treatment of individuals with serious mental illness and training of clinicians in new documentation skills. Data from three years of operation suggest that symptom severity is not a reliable indicator of medical necessity in day treatment. As expected with a clinically based system, a composite measure of benefit and medical necessity indicators weighted toward functioning in living, learning, working, and socializing environments predicted physician reviewer denial of continued day treatment, but length of stay did not.