Beck S J
Division of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
Clin Lab Sci. 1994 Jul-Aug;7(4):225-31.
To review several recent advances in blood transfusion therapy.
Professional journals and current American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) recommendations.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Improvements in leukocyte reduction of blood components have been effective in preventing alloimmunization to white cell antigens and the transmission of cytomegalovirus. Leukocyte reduction has not proved effective, however, in preventing febrile reactions after platelet transfusions in alloimmunized patients. To reduce the risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, new recommendations for the irradiation of blood components have been made. They include the irradiation of donor units from all blood relatives of the recipient and an increase in the recommended dose of irradiation to 2,500 cGy. Current investigations of both hemoglobin-based and fluorocarbon-based blood substitutes may improve the safety and efficacy of transfusion therapy in the future.
Advances in transfusion therapy include the prevention of alloimmunization to leukocyte antigens, the prevention of CMV transmission by using leukocyte-reduced blood products, the reduction of the risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, and the investigation of potential blood substitutes.
回顾输血治疗方面的几项最新进展。
专业期刊及美国血库协会（AABB）当前的推荐意见。
不适用。
不适用。
血液成分白细胞去除技术的改进已有效预防了对白细胞抗原的同种免疫以及巨细胞病毒的传播。然而，白细胞去除在预防同种免疫患者血小板输注后的发热反应方面尚未证明有效。为降低输血相关移植物抗宿主病的风险，已制定了血液成分辐照的新建议。这些建议包括对来自受血者所有血亲的供血单位进行辐照，并将推荐的辐照剂量增加至2500厘戈瑞。目前对基于血红蛋白和基于氟碳化合物的血液替代品的研究可能会在未来提高输血治疗的安全性和有效性。
输血治疗的进展包括预防对白细胞抗原的同种免疫、使用白细胞去除的血液制品预防巨细胞病毒传播、降低输血相关移植物抗宿主病的风险以及对潜在血液替代品的研究。
