Strauss R G
Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1182, USA.
Am J Clin Pathol. 1997 Apr;107(4 Suppl 1):S57-63.
Small premature infants frequently require transfusions of blood components, particularly red blood cells (RBCs), during the first weeks of life. Although great efforts have been made during the past few years to optimize the transfusion of blood components to these tiny patients, several questions have not been definitively answered. Accordingly, transfusion practices vary among neonatologists. The purpose of this article was to assess the available data critically. The findings indicated that stored RBCs can be transfused safely into premature infants to diminish donor exposures. It was also found that leukocyte-reduced blood components can be used to prevent the transmission of cytomegalovirus; thus, cellular components do not need to be obtained exclusively from donors negative for antibodies to cytomegalovirus. However, gamma-irradiation of cellular blood components cannot be justified for all neonatal transfusions. Obviously, as new information is reported, these findings may require revision.
小早产儿在出生后的头几周经常需要输血，尤其是红细胞（RBC）。尽管在过去几年中已经做出了巨大努力来优化对这些小患者的血液成分输血，但仍有几个问题尚未得到明确解答。因此，新生儿科医生的输血实践各不相同。本文的目的是严格评估现有数据。研究结果表明，储存的红细胞可以安全地输给早产儿，以减少供体暴露。还发现，白细胞减少的血液成分可用于预防巨细胞病毒的传播；因此，细胞成分不必仅从巨细胞病毒抗体阴性的供体中获取。然而，并非所有新生儿输血都有理由对细胞血液成分进行γ射线照射。显然，随着新信息的报道，这些发现可能需要修订。
